Efficiency

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Muscular System

There are three types of muscle cells. Skeletal, smooth and cardiac, which tend to regulate blood pressure and move food though the digestive tissue. Skeletal muscle cells are used for voluntary movements, which can include: dancing to the winking of an eye. These movements are controlled by the nervous system. Smooth muscles move food through the digestive tract to the walls of the stomach to the small intestine. They also control the blood flow in the circulatory system. They decrease the size of pupils. They are connected by gap junctions, which allow an impulse to travel to the muscle cells. They are also controlled by the nervous system. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart. They are under the control of the nervous system however; they are not completely controlled by it.

Myosin and actin filaments cause the muscles to contract and relax. When the thin filaments overlap the thick filaments it decreases the distance between the z lines, which cause a contraction in your muscle. This is a reoccurring cycle by ATP. The ATP is produced by cell respiration and fermentation. Neuromuscular junction is the contact between the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle cell. Vesicles are pockets, which release a transmitter called acetylcholine. They diffuse and an impulse in a cell membrane muscle fiber release calcium ions, which are found inside the fibers. These calcium ions allow the interaction with Myosin and actin. Muscle relaxes when acetylcholine stops, and the remaining calcium ions are pumped to storage cross bridges and stop the contraction too.

 Our body doesn’t waste cells. When lifting something light, only a few cells contract, whereas if you life something heavy you need more cells working. Tendons are connective tissues at your joints that help your joints pull like levers. This is a controlled movement. When muscles contracts the other relaxes. This is a form of balance. Muscle tone is a partial contraction that keeps the body aligned when you are sitting or standing. The more exercise in muscles the more actin and myosin filaments are built which causes your muscles to get bigger. Aerobic exercise strengthens the efficiency of your heart and lungs and strengthens bones.

© 2006 Aislinn, Ariel & Amanda